Europe opts for solar power and energy autonomy

Europe opts for solar power and energy autonomy

by Robert Schreiber

Berlin, Germany (SPX) Oct 23, 2025

A newly published study highlights Europe’s move toward solar energy and a decentralized power grid, emphasizing less reliance on imports. The research, conducted by ETH Zurich, the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, and the Research Institute for Sustainability, introduces an approach that incorporates citizens’ preferences into energy system planning alongside technical and economic data.

Decision-making experiments across four European countries supplied data for the study. By integrating preference data with existing energy system models, researchers predict what energy configurations people in Europe might choose. Tim Trondle of ETH Zurich explained that while energy system models have become more advanced, they risk missing the mark if they ignore the social factors that drive real-world adoption.

Findings show a marked preference for solar energy rather than wind, even where wind is the less expensive choice. Professor Johan Lilliestam from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg notes that, beyond cost concerns, Europeans seek a power system rooted in solar, with more local generation and fewer imports. This shift likely ties to geopolitical events such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Other influences include opposition to concentrated generation and transmission infrastructure. The research reveals that some technically cost-effective options – such as major transmission corridors – face resistance from citizens.

According to Franziska Mey from RIFS, factoring citizen preferences into energy planning can result in solutions that are both technically viable and publicly accepted. Incorporating social insights can significantly influence energy decisions and inform government strategies.

The study advocates for decision-making frameworks where public opinion is a variable in national and regional energy models. It also cautions policymakers to go beyond economic optimization and account for societal acceptance to foster support. Bridging technical approaches with social realities, this work suggests a more democratic, efficient, and harmonious energy transition is achievable through active citizen participation.

Research Report:Socially preferable and technically feasible: European citizens choose solar power and import independence over lower Costs